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... theology.1
B. Engelbrecht Die Gekruisigde God en die Messiaanse Intermezzo in Ned.Geref. Teologiese Tydskrif Part 17 No. 3 June 1976 Pg 130. 
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... question''.2
J.Moltmann The Crucified God SCM Press, London, 1992 Pg257. 
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... existentie.''3
A.A. van Ruler De Vervulling Van De Wet Callenbach Nijkerk 1947 Pg 51. 
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... him.4
A.A. van Ruler The Christian Church and the Old Testament Eerdmans Michigan 1971 Pg 73. 
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... canonical5
Most other views degrade the significance of the Old Testament by understanding it as the Old Covenant which has been abolished in Christ, or by reading it typologically and thus imposing the message of the New Testament onto it and not allowing it to speak for itself. 
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... gnostically.6
If salvation is not understood israelitically it is understood gnostically (A.A. van Ruler). 
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... sin,1.1
A.A. van Ruler Theologische Werk (Referred to as: Th.W. from now on) Vol 1 Callenbach, Nijkerk 1969, Pg 164. 
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... traditional1.2
One could equally say `orthodox', which is defined as: ``conforming to the christian faith as established by the early church'' Collins English Dictionary Collins, London 1979. 
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... speculative1.3
Regarding this question Calvin refers to ``the vague speculations that captivate the frivolous and the seekers after novelty'' Institutes The Library of Christian Classics, Westminster press, Philadelphia, 2.12.4 
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... Christ.''1.4
Berkouwer The Work of Christ Eerdmans, Michigan, 1984 Pg 21 
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... motive.1.5
Ibid. 
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... requirement.''1.6
Heppe Reformed Dogmatics Baker Book house, Michigan, 1978 Pg 285, quotation is from J.H. Heidegger. 
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... evolution.1.7
Berkouwer The Work of Christ Eerdmans, Michigan, 1984 Pg 23. 
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... fall.'1.8
Ibid Pg 30. 
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... condition.1.9
This reaction must not be understood as a merely incidental reaction in the midst of the course of history against a factor (The Fall) that was absolutely and entirely outside the will of God. Scripture does mention the connection between our salvation in Christ and God's eternal decree, but this will be discussed in chapter 3. 
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... incarnation.1.10
Cited in Berkouwer The Work of Christ Pg 22. 
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... men.''1.11
Calvin Institutes op. cit. 
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... paganism.1.12
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. I Pg 164. 
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... reactie.''1.13
Ibid. 
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... Incarnation.''1.14
Melanchthon Loci 1521: ``hoc est Christum cognoscere, beneficia eius cognoscere, non quod isti docent eius naturas, modos incarnationis contueri.'' Quoted in G.C. Berkouwer The Person of Christ Eerdmans Michigan 1977 Pg 102. 
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... us.1.15
Ibid. 
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... Christ.1.16
Ibid Pg 103 
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... him.''1.17
Calvin Institutes 3.11.10 
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... afterwards.1.18
A.A. van Ruler Bijzonder en Algemeen Ambt Callenbach, Nijkerk 1952 Pg 71. 
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... be.''1.19
A.A. van Ruler Th.W.I Pg 177-178. 
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... offices.''1.20
G.C. Berkouwer op. cit. Pg 106. 
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... dignity.1.21
H. Bavinck Gereformeerde Dogmatiek III, J.H. Kok Kampden 1967 Pg351; cf. Berkouwer The Work of Christ Pg 70. 
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... natures.''1.22
J.H. Heidegger quoted in Heppe Reformed Dogmatics Pg 449. 
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... consequences.''1.23
P. Tillich Systematic Theology II, University of Chicago Press, USA, 1976 Pg 150. 
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... functional.''1.24
P. van Hoof Intermezzo Ton Bolland, Amsterdam 1974 Pg 75. 
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... terms.''1.25
A.A. van Ruler Gestaltwerdung Christi in der Welt, Neukirchen, 1956 Pg 34. 
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... own.1.26
Harnack A. History of Dogma Noble Offset Printers, USA, 1958 Vol. 6 Pg 60. 
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... follow.''1.27
Anselm quoted in Seeberg R. Text book of the History of Doctrines Baker Book House, Michigan, 1964 Vol. 2 Pg 67. 
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... withheld.''1.28
Ibid. 
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... despised.1.29
Harnack op. cit. Pg 63. 
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... placatio).''1.30
A.A. van Ruler De Vervulling van de Wet (From now on referred to as: V.W.) Callenbach Nijkerk 1947 Pg 98. 
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... roots.''1.31
P. Tillich A history of Christian Thought. Simon and Schuster USA 1968 Pg 166. 
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... continue.1.32
Not only from the New Testament but the function of Old Testament sacrifices could also be referred to. 
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... substitution.''1.33
A.A. van Ruler Th.W I Pg 181. 
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... redemption.''1.34
A.A. van Ruler Th.W II Pg 223. 
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... faith.1.35
H. Ridderbos The Coming of the Kingdom Presbyterian and Reformed USA 1962 Pg 8-13. 
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... sense.''1.36
B. Engelbrecht Agtergronde en Grondlyne van die Teokratiese Visioen Unpublished D.D. Thesis 1963 Pg 1. 
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... Christ.1.37
Ibid Pg 33. 
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... revelation.1.38
Ibid Pg 54. 
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... upheld.1.39
Ibid Pg 4. 
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... inimicorum.1.40
A.A. van Ruler Verwachting en Voltooiing Callenbach Nijkerk 1978 Pg 37. 
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... resistance,1.41
41 Ibid Pg 34. 
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... Testament.1.42
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg 82-86. 
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... together.1.43
B. Engelbrecht Ibid Pg 35. 
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... him.1.44
A.A. van Ruler The Christian Church and the Old Testament 1971 Pg 71. 
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... expectation.1.45
Ibid Pg 42. 
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...apocalypsis).''1.46
A.A. van Ruler Religie en Politiek Callenbach Nijkerk 1945 Pg 139. 
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... divinity.1.47
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg 90-93. 
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... existence.1.48
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. I Pg 171. 
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... sin.1.49
Ibid Pg 165. 
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... good.1.50
Ibid Pg 164. 
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... God.''1.51
Ibid Pg 165. 
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... Lamb.''1.52
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg 149. 
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... him.1.53
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. I Pg 173. 
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... subordinationism.1.54
A.A. van Ruler The Christian Church and the Old Testament Pg 69. 
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... existence.1.55
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. I Pg 171. 
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... proton.1.56
Ibid. 
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... comes.1.57
J. Moltmann The Crucified God Pg 257. 
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... man.1.58
Ibid Pg 186-188. 
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... Christ.''1.59
A.A. van Ruler Gestaltwerdung Christi in der Welt Pg 34-35 quoted in The Crucified GodPg 260. 
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... kingdom.''1.60
J. Moltmann op. cit. Pg 261 
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... pantheism.1.61
These objections are presented on pages 261-265 of Moltmann's book The Crucified God. 
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... Father.''1.62
J. Moltmann Ibid Pg 261. 
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... dualism.1.63
Bauke in G.C. Berkouwer The Person of Christ Pg 283. 
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... be.''1.64
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. I Pg 177-178. 
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... Scripture.1.65
G.C. Berkouwer The Person of Christ Pg 285. 
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... Christ.1.66
B. Engelbrecht Die Gekruisigde God en die Messianse Intermezzo in Ned Geref Teologiese Tydskrif Part 17 No. 3 June 1976 Pg 139. 
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... creation.''1.67
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. I Pg 170. 
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... eschaton.''1.68
Ibid Pg 169. 
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... of.''1.69
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. II Pg 226. 
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... peccare.1.70
Ibid Pg 229. 
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... unity.1.71
Ibid Pg 225. 
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... God.1.72
H. Heppe Reformed Dogmatics Pg 281, 295. 
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... peccare.1.73
Those who have rejected salvation will be rejected from the kingdom of God (2 Pet. 2). 
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... theology.1.74
B. Engelbrecht Ibid Pg 142. 
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... existence.''1.75
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. I Pg 171. 
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... away.''1.76
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg 93. 
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... creation.1.77
J. Moltmann op. cit. Pg 266. 
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... corruption.1.78
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. II Pg 223. 
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... datur.''1.79
A.A. van Ruler quoted by B. Engelbrecht op.cit. Pg 135. 
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... Bible.2.1
J. Bright The Kingdom of God 1953 Abingdon Press Pg 7. 
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... earth.2.2
Ex 15:18; 1 Kings 22:19; Is. 6:5; Ps. 47:3; 103:19. 
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... relationship.2.3
Num. 23:21; Judges 8:23; 1 Sam. 8:7; 12:12; Ps. 48:3; Is. 41:21; Jer. 8:19; Micah 2:13. 
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... sense.2.4
H. Ridderbos The Coming of the Kingdom Pg 8. 
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... kingdom.2.5
Luke 4:43; 8:1; 16:16. 
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... kingdom.2.6
Matt. 6:10; Jn. 11:24. 
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... God.''2.7
B. Engelbrecht Agtergronde en Grondlyne van die Teokratiese Visioen Pg 5. 
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... God,2.8
The following summary is to be found in H. Ridderbos op. cit. Pg xi-xxxii which is also cited in B. Engelbrecht op. cit. Pg 10-12. 
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... gospels,2.9
cf. H. Ridderbos op. cit. Pg xxxii. 
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... world.2.10
B. Engelbrecht op. cit. Pg 15. 
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... eschatological.2.11
A.A. van Ruler quoted in B. Engelbrecht op. cit. Pg 15. 
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... kingdom.2.12
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg 35. 
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... deduced.2.13
Ibid. 
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... transcendence.2.14
Ibid Pg 38-40. 
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... doet.''2.15
Ibid Pg 39. 
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... prijsgegeven.''2.16
Ibid Pg 40. 
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... wereld.''2.17
Ibid. 
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... history.2.18
A.A. van Ruler Verwachting en Voltooiing Pg 35. 
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... Christ.2.19
A.A. van Ruler Religie en Politiek Pg 59; cf B. Engelbrecht op. cit. Pg 15. 
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... resistance.2.20
A.A. van Ruler Verwachting en Voltooiing Pg 34. 
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... of.2.21
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. II Pg 224 - The soteriological character of the kingdom as well as the difference in modality between the present and the future kingdom will be more fully discussed in chapter 3 Salvation and Glorification. 
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... existentie.''2.22
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg 72. 
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... sense.2.23
H. Ridderbos op. cit. Pg 8. 
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... historical.2.24
A.A. van Ruler op. cit. Pg 72. 
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... future.2.25
A.A. van Ruler Verwachting en Voltooiing Pg 33. 
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... history.2.26
Ibid Pg 34. 
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... resistance.2.27
Ibid Pg 33-34. 
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... end.2.28
B. Engelbrecht op. cit. Pg. 124;cf A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg 38. 
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... concept.2.29
B. Engelbrecht op. cit. Pg 124. 
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... historical.2.30
A.A. van Ruler Verwachting en Voltooiing Pg 34. 
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... historical.2.31
Ibid Pg 33. 
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... him.''2.32
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg 352-353. 
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... handelen.''2.33
Ibid Pg 353. 
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... in.''2.34
Ibid. 
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... salvation.2.35
P. Tillich Systematic Theology I Pg 145-146. 
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... guilt,2.36
A.A. van Ruler op. cit. Pg 98. 
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... guilt.2.37
B. Engelbrecht op. cit. Pg 125. 
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... verzoening.''2.38
A.A. van Ruler Verwachting en Voltooiing Pg 38. 
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... God.''2.39
Ibid Pg 53. 
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... it.2.40
Ibid. 
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... existence.2.41
This will be more fully discussed in the next chapter - Salvation and Glorification. 
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... Spirit.''2.42
A.A. van Ruler op. cit. Pg 145; also B. Engelbrecht op. cit. Pg 127. 
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... Spirit.2.43
B. Engelbrecht op. cit. Pg 127-128; also A.A. van Ruler op. cit. Pg 146, 198. 
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... foreground.2.44
B. Engelbrecht op. cit. Pg 128. 
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... history.2.45
Ibid. 
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... history.2.46
Because history spreads to the world from Israel (beginning with the missionary activity of the Apostles), history unavoidably has an Israelitic character and a christianized culture is an incidental repetition of the nation Israel. This will be discussed in Chapter 4. 
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... question.2.47
These are presented in Tillich Systematic Theology III Pg 396-397. 
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... permitted.''2.48
P. Tillich op. cit. Pg 396. 
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... God.2.49
In the introduction we quoted Moltmann's remark about the significance of the doctrine of the Messianic Intermezzo, ie: ``Any eschatologically orientated and functionally developed christology comes `at the end' to the question whether its mediator has not made himself superfluous. Its conceptions of the mediation and representative function of Christ are determined by what is decided in this `last' question.'' (The Crucified God Pg. 257) In the first chapter we worked out the mediation and representative function implied by the doctrine of the messianic intermezzo. And now we are again seeing the significance of this doctrine because the idea that we have of the representative function of Christ (based on the doctrine of the messianic intermezzo) in turn determines our view of the significance of history. 
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... life.''2.50
P. Tillich op. cit. Pg 397-398. 
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... returned.''2.51
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. I Pg 169; cf Th.W. II Pg 231. 
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... hope.''2.52
P. Tillich op. cit. Pg 414. 
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... visible.2.53
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. II Pg 225. 
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... Him.2.54
God's rejection is not arbitrary. 
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... it.2.55
P. Tillich op. cit. Pg 399. 
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... off.2.56
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg 61 
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... worthless.''2.57
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. II Pg 229. 
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... existence.2.58
We have already seen that this is not to be thought of individualistically, but includes the history that is influenced by these choices. 
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... vegen.''2.59
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg 217; see also B. Engelbrecht op. cit. Pg 131. 
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... paganism.2.60
B. Engelbrecht op. cit. 
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... earth.''2.61
A.A. van Ruler op. cit. 
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... time.2.62
B. Engelbrecht op. cit. Pg 132. 
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... is.''2.63
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. I Pg 170-171. 
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... pneumatologically.2.64
A.A. van Ruler Verwachting en Voltooiing Pg 37. 
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... cross.2.65
Ibid. 
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... works.2.66
A.A. van Ruler Th.W II Pg 227. 
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... things,2.67
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. I Pg 157. 
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... context.2.68
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. VI Pg 51. 
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... eschaton.2.69
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. I Pg 157. 
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... glorification.2.70
This discussion is based on information from G.C. Berkouwer Divine Election Eerdmans, Michigan 1979 Pg 254-277; L. Berkhof Systematic Theology Banner of Truth, USA 1988 Pg 118-125; Heppe Reformed Dogmatics Baker Book House, USA 1978 Pg 146-149. 
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... conceiving.''2.71
Riissen quoted in Heppe op. cit. Pg 146. 
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... this.2.72
This discussion regarding the similarities of supra and infra is found in L. Berkhof op. cit. Pg 120-121. 
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... moment.2.73
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. II Pg 91; Th.L. Haitjema in Dogmatiek als Apologie also agrees with the infralapsarian view. 
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... God.2.74
A.A. van Ruler De Zonde in het Besluit in Th.W. VI. 
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... Christ.''2.75
H. Hartwell The Theology of Karl Barth G. Duckworth and Co. London 1964 Pg 31. 
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... geslacht.''2.76
A.A. van Ruler Verwachting en Voltooiing Pg 34; cf B. Engelbrecht op. cit. Pg 171. 
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... churches.2.77
H. Bavinck in G.C. Berkouwer op. cit. Pg 259. 
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... (1,15).2.78
G.C. Berkouwer op. cit. Pg 259, 264. 
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... creative.''2.79
P. Tillich Systematic Theology I SCM Press 1988 Pg 263-264. 
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... God.''2.80
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. I Pg 165. 
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... creation.''2.81
H. Hartwell op cit Pg 115. 
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... being.''2.82
K. Barth Dogmatics in Outline SCM Press London 1988 Pg 58. 
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... relationship.2.83
Jesus Christ's present and final relationship with `all things' will be discussed in the next chapter. 
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... Father.''2.84
H. Berkhof Christian Faith Eerdmans Michigan 1990 Pg 297. 
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... redemption.''2.85
Ibid Pg 172. 
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... Scripture!2.86
Ibid Pg 172-173. 
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... God.2.87
Ibid. 
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... peccare;2.88
Augustine City of God Penguin London 1984 Pg 1089. 
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... works.2.89
We have already discussed this in chapter 1 in connection with Moltmann. 
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... it.''2.90
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. I Pg 162. 
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... creation.2.91
Ibid. 
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... grens.''2.92
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. II Pg 222. 
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...maya').2.93
Ibid. 
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... Trinity.2.94
H. Berhhof op. cit. Pg 172. 
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... pure.2.95
O. Noordmans Herschepping Holland Amsterdam 1946 Pg 30. 
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... Heils.''2.96
E. Stauffer Theologie des Neuen Testaments C. Bertelsmann Verlag, Gutersloh, 1948, Pg. 234. ``This is the twofold confession that John makes and in turn demands, a confession of the true divinity and the true humanity of Jesus Christ. Whoever fails to keep this double confession intact in both its clauses has the spirit of untruth in him. For he would be attacking the paradoxical glory of the Son of Man, and shaking the very foundations of our eternal salvation.'' New Testament Theology SCM London 1963 Pg 257. 
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... Christ?2.97
K. Runia states that Berkhof's christology leaves no place for the ontological pre-existence of Christ; no place for the virgin birth; no place for a real incarnation; and no place for the dogma of the ontological trinity. If we accept Berkhof's christology we would, according to Runia, have to rewrite the creeds and hymns of the church, as well as the Bible itself! Runia states that, in his understanding of texts such as John 1, Colossians 1 and Hebrews 1, Berkhof rejects the pre-existence of Jesus Christ ``zonder enige exegetische fundering.'' Runia also refers to G. Sevenster and M. de Jonge (New Testament scholars) who ask whether Berkhof has not come to this conclusion too quickly and too easily. De Godheid van Christus in Kerk en Theologie, 45ste Jaargang No. 1 January 1994 Pg. 5-20. 
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... flesh?''2.98
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. I Pg 159. 
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... reality.3.1
G.C. Berkouwer The Work of Christ Eerdmans Michigan 1984 Pg 190. 
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... christenen.''3.2
A.A. van Ruler Ik Geloof Callenbach Pg 105; Van Ruler Obviously takes the resurrection seriously but in his magnum opus De Vervulling Van De Wet he glosses over it going from the crucifixion directly to the ascension - taking the resurrection for granted. This is also reflected in B. Engelbrecht's thesis on Van Ruler - Agtergronde en Grondlyne van die Teokratiese Vision - the resurrection is hardly mentioned in the chapter on the Christological background. Van Ruler discusses the significance of the resurrection in his book: De Dood Wordt OverwonnenCallenbach - Nijkerk. 
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... resurrection.3.3
If the resurrection (and ascension) is understood as myth, the basis of christianity is lost. The death, resurrection and ascension of Christ must be understood as historical acts that effect our historical reality. On the other hand, the person and work of Jesus goes beyond our normal historical conceptions, therefore Van der Leeuw uses the term `mythistory' when referring to the person and work of Jesus. See A.A. van Ruler The Christian Church and the Old Testament Pg 87. 
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... resurrection.3.4
A.A. van Ruler op. cit. Pg 107. 
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... Church.3.5
J. H. Heidegger quoted in Heppe Reformed Dogmatics Baker Book House Michigan 1950 Pg 504. 
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... preparation.''3.6
G.W.H. Lampe God as Spirit 1977 Pg 71 quoted in B. Engelbrecht The Indwelling of the Holy Spirit Journal of theology for Southern Africa March 1980 no. 31. 
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... 16:14).3.7
See also Calvin Institutes II,XVI,14; Heidelberg Catechism Q. 46, 47 and 49. 
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... 5:5).''3.8
Heidelberg Catechism A.49 (Van Ruler also refers to this - see V.W. Pg 104). 
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... creation.''3.9
B. Engelbrecht op. cit. Pg 37. 
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... presence.3.10
Berkouwer op. cit. Pg 213-215. 
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... cross.3.11
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg 91. 
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... King.''3.12
A.A. van Ruler Bijzonder en Algemeen Ambt Nijkerk 1952 Pg 17. 
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... cross.3.13
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg 104. 
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... monde.3.14
Ibid. 
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... flesh.3.15
Ibid Pg 105; A.A. van Ruler Religie en Politiek Nijkerk 1945 Pg 138-139. 
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... dingen.''3.16
A.A. van Ruler Religie en Politiek Pg 139. 
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... ascension.''3.17
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg 108. 
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... heil.''3.18
Ibid Pg 113. 
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... christianity.3.19
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. I Pg 175. 
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... view.3.20
This discussion of the structural differences between the pneumatological and the christological points of view is contained in Th.W. I Pg 175-190; see also Th.W. VI Pg 18-23; V.W. Pg 165-200. 
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... present.3.21
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. VI Pg 16. 
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... Christ.''3.22
Ibid Pg 19-20; when Van Ruler talks about the Holy Spirit taking everything out of Christ and applying it to us he is not saying that we only receive communion with the fruits and merits of the work of Christ. The person and work of Christ cannot be separated (see chapter one). There is also an insitio in Christumand a unio mystica cum Christo - and this must be respected in its full depth and reality - Th.W. VI Pg 20. 
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... Christ.3.23
A.A. van Ruler op. cit. Pg 24; see also Th.W. I Pg 189-190; Th.W. VI Pg 20; V.W. Pg 121. 
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... his.''3.24
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. VI Pg 24. 
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... way.''3.25
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. I Pg 190. 
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... ways.3.26
Ibid; see also Th.W. VI Pg 39-40, 25-26. 
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... glory.3.27
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. I Pg 189-190. 
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... Messiah.''3.28
C.G. Berkouwer op. cit. Pg 217, 221. 
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... guilt.3.29
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg 217. 
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... wordt.''3.30
Ibid Pg 176. 
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... verbleken.''3.31
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. VI Pg 30. 
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... lovely.''3.32
Ibid Pg 29-32. 
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... salvation.3.33
Ibid Pg 33. 
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... levenschenkende.''3.34
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg 407; we will discuss the law more fully in the next chapter. 
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... revelation.3.35
Ibid Pg 403. 
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... sanctification.3.36
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. VI Pg 57. 
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... zijn.''3.37
Ibid Pg 34-35. 
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... does.3.38
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. I Pg 181. 
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... plan.3.39
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. VI Pg 35. 
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... reality.''3.40
Ibid Pg 35-36. 
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... name-christianity.3.41
B. Engelbrecht Agtergronde en Grondlyne van die Teokratiese Visioen Pg 83. 
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... it.3.42
cf. A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg 230. 
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... existentie.''3.43
Ibid Pg 241. 
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... kan.''3.44
Ibid Pg 247. 
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... dubieus.''3.45
Ibid Pg 252-253; cf. Die Fragmentariese en Tegenstrydige Karakter van die Inwoning en Werk van die Gees. - B. Engelbrecht in Koninkryk Kerk en Kosmos - P.F. Theron and J. Kinghord (ed) Pro-Christo Publications Bloemfontein 1989; A.A. van Ruler Verscheidenheden en Tegenstrijdigheden in de Realisering van het Heil in Th.W. IV Pg 84-101. 
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... 3.46
J.H.P. van Rooyen discusses Van Ruler's concept of the relationship of church and state, and compares it with A. Kuyper's view in Kerk en Staat `n Vergelyking tussen Kuyper en Van RulerGroningen 1964. 
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... 28:19).3.47
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg 75; The purpose of the church is the mediation of salvation and in this the church is provisional but the church is also an end in itself. Salvation is appropriated in the church and is also celebrated in communion: cf. De Kerk is ook doel in Zichzelf inVerwachting en Voltooing Pg 53-66. 
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... salus.3.48
A.A. van Ruler Religie en Politiek Pg 252. 
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... creation.3.49
See chapter 2. 
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... are3.50
This also applies to the church which is not only made up of believers but also contains the institutionary elements of preaching, the sacraments and the office. 
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... possible.''3.51
A.A. van Ruler Religie en Politiek Pg 25; cf B. Engelbrecht Agtergronde en Grondlyne van die Teokratiese Visioen Pg 92-94. 
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... kern'.''3.52
B. Engelbrecht op. cit. Pg 93. 
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... government.''3.53
A.A. van Ruler op. cit. Pg 171. 
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... authority.3.54
B. Engelbrecht op. cit. Pg 93. 
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... gemeenschap.''3.55
A.A. van Ruler op. cit. Pg 186-187. 
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... `world'.3.56
B. Engelbrecht Die Tweeheid van Kerk en Staat Perskor Johannesburg 1986 Pg 102-105. 
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... world.3.57
A.A. van Ruler op. cit. Pg 308-309. 
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... kerk.''3.58
Ibid Pg 187. 
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... man.3.59
B. Engelbrecht Agtergronde en Grondlyne van die Teokratiese Visioen Pg 183; cf L. Berkhof Systematic Theology Pg 272-283. 
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... nations.3.60
B. Engelbrecht op. cit. Pg 183; L. Berkhof op. cit. Pg 290-301; This will be more fully discussed in the next chapter. 
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... us.3.61
A.A. van Ruler Gestaltwerdung Christi in der Welt Neukirchen 1956 Pg 35. 
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... sense.3.62
See chapter 2. 
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... God'.3.63
A.A. van Ruler op. cit. 
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... creation!''3.64
A. Konig New and Greater Things Unisa Pretoria 1988 Pg 156. 
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... gaat.''3.65
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. VI Pg 74. 
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... view.3.66
A. A. van Ruler Th.W. II Pg. 220-222. 
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... future.3.67
Ibid Pg 222-224. 
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... God.3.68
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. I Pg 171-172. 
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... theology.3.69
A. Konig, for instance, states: ``Nor need the proposition that the world was created with Jesus Christ in view be interpreted one-sidedly as having only a soteriological significance. Jesus Christ is more than Redeemer. He is Creator and creature as well. He is himself especially the realizing of the covenant. If the world was created to be the place where the covenant was to be realized, then it was most certainly created with Jesus Christ in view - in other words, with a view to establishing the relationship between God and man that was revealed in Jesus Christ, who was true God and true man in the most intimate communion.'' New and Greater Things Pg 156. The covenant of grace and Jesus Christ do not only have a redemptive significance - they are God's plan from the beginning. In fact Konig presents us with a bewildering array of contradictory ideas. He states: ``Creation is God's own original plan; redemption is an intermediate stage, an emergency measure'' (Pg. 147). ``The purpose of human existence is to exist and to enjoy existence and the world'' (Pg. 151). Here he refers to Van Ruler! Yet he refers to Barth and states: ``Reconciliation is more than a reaction to faithlessness; it is the pursuit of God's original act, through which he intends to realize his goal, the covenant.'' The Eclipse of Christ in Eschatology Eerdmans Michigan 1989 Pg 57. 
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... reality.3.70
A.A. van Ruler op. cit. Pg 172. 
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... creation.3.71
B. Engelbrecht Natuur en Genade in die Theologie van A.A. Van Ruler in Kerk en Theologie Jaargang 32 No. 2. 
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... amen.''3.72
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. VI Pg 75. 
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... presence?''3.73
A.A. van Ruler The Christian Church and the Old Testament Eerdmans Michigan 1971 Pg 67-68. 
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... kingdom.3.74
A.A. van Ruler Ik Geloof Pg 112. 
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... liturgische.''3.75
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. VI Pg 77. 
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... joy,3.76
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. II Pg 231-232. 
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... regeeren.''3.77
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg 92-93. 
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... veil.''3.78
J. Calvin Institutes 2.14.3. There is some dispute regarding the interpretation of Calvin on this point. Berkouwer denies that Calvin means that Christ will lay aside his human nature The Return of Christ Pg 432. Velema and Rothuizen state that Calvin is not as clear as he could be on this point In Gesprek met Van Ruler Callenbach Nijkerk Pg 63. O. Weber states: ``It is probably correct to interpret with Calvin that there will be a time in which we no longer must view God the Lord `in the humanity of Christ'.'' Foundations of Dogmatics Eerdmans Michigan 1983 Pg 678. However he is also not unambiguously clear on this point. 
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... glory?''3.79
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. I Pg 174. 
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... gedoofd.''3.80
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg 149. 
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... it.3.81
A.A. van Ruler The Christian Church and the Old Testament.Pg 69. 
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... 3:16).3.82
G.C. Berkouwer The Return of Christ. Pg 431. 
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... accepts).3.83
See G.C. Berkouwer Divine Election Pg 254-277. 
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... salvation.3.84
B. Engelbrecht Teokratiese Stellingname en Frontverbreding -Kerk en Theologie Jaargang 27 No.1 January 1976 Pg 33. 
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... Christo.3.85
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. II Pg 232-233. 
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... zijn.''3.86
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. VI Pg 39-40. 
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... Spirit.3.87
P. Tillich refers to this process of (re)gaining our true being as `essentialization' - in which our existence is united with our essence. Systematic Theology Vol.3 Pg 406-422. 
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... position."4.1
L. Goppelt (Typos Pg. 4) quoted in A.A. van Ruler The Christian Church and the Old Testament. Pg. 9. 
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... Testament.4.2
A.A. van Ruler Ibid Pg. 10. 
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... Testament4.3
Either we understand salvation Israelitically or we understand it gnostically. Tertium non datur. It should be obvious that Van Ruler's theology is influenced by a positive appreciation of the Old Testament. This appreciation has made itself felt throughout this dissertation. For instance, in chapter one we emphasised the work of Christ as the reconciliation of guilt. In chapter two we expressed a positive appreciation of history and in chapter three we affirmed the existence of this world. 
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...nomos.4.4
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg. 269. 
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... instruction.4.5
B. Engelbrecht The Law of Moses is the Law of God (unpublished article) Pg. 10; Van Ruler presents the following definitions of torah and nomos: "het woord thora vooral ziet op de handeling van het onderwijzen in den zin van het den weg wijzen, en dat het woord nomos vooral ziet op het bestand en de structuur van een harmonisch gelede werkelijkheid." V.W. Pg. 269. 
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... Heeren",4.6
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg. 270. 
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... existentie."4.7
Ibid. 
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... law.4.8
"Ik herinner er aan... dat de thora niet in den pentateuch staat, maar dat de pentateuch de thora is...dat het woord thora ook aanduiding is van het heele Oude Testament." V.W. Pg. 476. 
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... existentie."4.9
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg. 72; see Pg. 47-52 of this dissertation. We must also remember that revelation is not to be understood as information about `divine things' which may or may not have saving consequences. Revelation is salvation which is the presence of God and God's presence must be understood in terms of his penetration into our reality from his eschatological essence. 
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... it.4.10
B. Engelbrecht op. cit. Pg. 14. 
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... God.4.11
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. I Pg. 138. 
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... tegenwoordig."4.12
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg. 277. 
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... perdition.4.13
B. Engelbrecht The Ultimate Significance of the Torah in Journal of Theology for Southern Africa No. 61, December 1987 Pg. 46. 
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... kingdom.4.14
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg. 268. 
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... flesh.4.15
B. Engelbrecht The Law of Moses is the Law of God Pg. 12; We do not yet have the eschatological reality itself, at present we experience the kingdom of God in its modality as kingdom of Christ (see chapter 3). 
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... partner.4.16
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg. 286. 
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... world.4.17
B. Engelbrecht The Ultimate Significance of the Torah Pg. 46. 
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... existence."4.18
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg. 284-285; Later in this chapter we will expand upon the relationship of gospel and law. 
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... God.4.19
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg. 476. 
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... two.4.20
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. I Pg. 136. 
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... existentie."4.21
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg. 278. 
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... law.4.22
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg.280; In this sense we can talk about a continuous revelation in respect to the law but the idea of a continuous revelation can never refer to the gospel - justification is a matter of all or nothing (Th.W. I Pg. 139). 
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... love.4.23
This discussion of the qualities of the Torah is found in B. Engelbrecht The Ultimate Significance of the Torah Pg. 47-50, as well as in A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg. 468-471. 
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... evangelie."4.24
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg. 293. 
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... zijn."4.25
Ibid Pg. 472; Th.W. I Pg. 142. 
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... existentie."4.26
Ibid Pg. 285. 
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... God.4.27
B. Engelbrecht Agtergronde en Grondlyne van die Teokratiese Visioen Pg. 215. 
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... gospel.4.28
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg. 271. 
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... temporal.4.29
H. Bavinck Gereformeerde Dogmatiek IV, J.H. Kok Kampen 1967 Pg. 435 - quoted in A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg. 473. 
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... existence.4.30
This idea will be clarified when we discuss the fulfillment of the law. 
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... 2:5).4.31
cf. B. Engelbrecht The Ultimate Significance of the Torah Pg. 50. 
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... oneself.4.32
Even the theologoumenon of the covenant of works understands justification (or grace) as preceding law (or sanctification, or glorification) in the sense that man contained his own justification before the fall. 
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... ourselves.4.33
B. Engelbrecht The Law of Moses is the Law of God Pg. 7. 
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... Messiah.4.34
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. I Pg. 135. 
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... staat."4.35
Ibid Pg. 136-137. 
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... gaat."4.36
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg. 270-272; B.Engelbrecht Agtergronde en Grondlyne van die Teokratiese Visioen Pg. 217-218. 
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... foreground.4.37
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg. 268; Th.W. I Pg. 135-136. 
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... vallen."4.38
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg. 500; cf. Th.W. I Pg. 140. 
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... Christ.4.39
Here there is some difference between the Lutheran and Reformed positions. Although the Lutherans also accept the threefold use of the law they emphasize the usus pedagogicus. Lutheran theology reservedly admits the usus normativus, since they hold that believers are no longer under the law but this use of the law is still necessary only because and in so far as believers are still sinners and must be held in check by the law. In general Reformed theology does justice to the threefold use of the law: in its section on gratitude the Heidelberg Catechism devotes eleven Lord's Days to the law. Calvin also does justice to the threefold use of the law and emphasizes the usus normativus (Institutes II.8.) cf. L. Berkhof Systematic TheologyPg. 615. 
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... glory.4.40
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg. 287-291; Th.W. I Pg. 141; B. Engelbrecht op. cit. Pg. 220-222. 
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... van.4.41
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg. 289. 
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... law.4.42
Ibid Pg. 301, 303. 
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... Christ.4.43
This is the ontological order: first mediation of creation, secondly mediation of revelation, thirdly mediation of redemption. Gnoseologically it is precisely the other way around. Of course revelation and redemption cannot be absolutely distinguished from one another but historically the mediation of revelation does precede the incarnation and revelation cannot be limited to Jesus Christ - there is also law (cf. A.A. van Ruler Th.W. I 162-163). 
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... geworden."4.44
A.A. van Ruler Religie en Politiek Pg. 146. 
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... Pharisees."4.45
J. Calvin Institutes II, VIII, 7. 
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... vleesch."4.46
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg. 486. 
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... heden."4.47
Ibid Pg. 485. 
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... earth."4.48
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... law.4.49
See chapter 1. 
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... questions."4.50
A.A. van Ruler op. cit. Pg. 71; cf. V.W. Pg. 489. 
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... ascension.4.51
See chapter 3 for a discussion of the soteriological significance of the ascension (and the resurrection). 
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... times.4.52
A.A. van Ruler Religie en Politiek Pg. 140-141. 
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... world."4.53
A.A. van Ruler The Christian Church and the Old Testament 
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... opgebouwd."4.54
A.A. van Ruler Religie en Politiek Pg. 124. 
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... Testament.4.55
"The two main words of the Christian Confession `Jesus is the Christ' - the personal name `Jesus' and the vocational name `Christ' - correspond to the two parts of the Holy Scriptures: the New and the Old Testament. The Old Testament tells us whatthe Christ is; the New, who He is." W. Vischer The Witness of the Old Testament to Christ Vol. I Lutterworth Press London 1949. 
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... man."4.56
A.A. van Ruler The Christian Church and the Old Testament 
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... geschreven."4.57
A.A. van Ruler Religie en Politiek Pg. 125. 
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... incarnate."4.58
W. Vischer op cit Pg. 7-8; The organic unity between the Testaments will be clarified later in this chapter. 
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... promise.4.59
Van Ruler distinguishes these three meanings of the fulfillment of the promise in Religie en Politiek Pg. 143-144. 
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... fulfillment.4.60
This idea can be generalized and applied to much of Van Ruler's theology, eg: the person and work of Christ, the aspects of separation, exaltation, concealment and expectation in the ascension, the law as foundation and expression of salvation, the kerygmatic, existential, functional and material aspects of the law, the kingdom of Christ and the kingdom of God, the fulfillment of the law by Christ and the fulfillment by the Holy Spirit, the appropriation of salvation and the expression of salvation, etc. In each of these examples the one aspect cannot be absolutely separated or absolutely identified with the other aspect. 
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... expectation.4.61
These are discussed in chapter 3. 
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... Testament."4.62
A.A. van Ruler op. cit. Pg. 138. 
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... us.4.63
See chapter 3 for a discussion of the relationship of the work of Christ and the Holy Spirit. 
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... history.4.64
See chapter 2. 
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... reconciliation.4.65
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg. 499. 
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... Messiah,4.66
Ibid Pg. 495. 
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... world.4.67
Ibid Pg. 499. 
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... law.4.68
Ibid Pg. 503. 
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... Christ.4.69
See chapter 3 Pg. 96. 
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... menschen."4.70
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg. 507, 512. 
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... salvation.4.71
It must be remembered that this distinction between the law as foundation and expression of salvation must not be over emphasized. 
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... geleefd."4.72
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg. 512-513; B. Engelbrecht op. cit. Pg. 226. See chapter 3 for a discussion of the fragmentary and ambiguous nature of the regnum Christi. 
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... geleeft."4.73
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg. 518, 287. 
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... world.4.74
A.A. van Ruler Religie en Politiek Pg. 147-148, 137. 
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... Spirit.4.75
See chapter 2 Pg. 51 
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... covenant.4.76
A.A. van Ruler op. cit. Pg. 147. 
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... theocratie."4.77
Ibid Pg. 137. 
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... character.4.78
It will be noticed by the reader that in this chapter we are returning to many of the ideas that we have already worked out in previous chapters. We ask the reader to keep these ideas in mind when reading this chapter as we cannot work these ideas out anew. Our present intention is to discuss the importance of the Old Testament, not to repeat ideas that have already been discussed. 
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... church.4.79
The doctrine of the apostolate includes the doctrine of the church, the offices and the sacraments. "Maar zij omvat nog veel meer de leer van het ethos, de bevinding, de cultuur, de staat en de kolonie" A.A. van Ruler Th.W. I Pg. 140-141; V.W. Pg. 517. See chapter 2 Pg. 58. 
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... constitutief."4.80
A.A. van Ruler Droom en Gestalte Pg. 121 quoted in B. Engelbrecht op. cit. Pg. 227. 
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... openbaring."4.81
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg. 532. 
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... humanity."4.82
A.A. van Ruler The Christian Church and the Old Testament(referred to from now on as CCOT) Pg. 72. 
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... is.4.83
See above endnote 55; A.A. van Ruler Religie en Politiek Pg. 126. 
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... things."4.84
A.A. van Ruler CCOT Pg. 75. 
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... earth.4.85
Ibid Pg. 78. 
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... canon."4.86
Ibid Pg. 94; Calvin also speaks of the New Testament as an appendix in the two-fold sense of exposition and ratification-Ibid. 
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... revelation4.87
"The ultimate and decisive things of life take place not in the sphere of reason and understanding but in the sphere of the heart and conscience. Why the message of the Old Testament...? The decision is one of faith or unbelief." A.A. van Ruler CCOT Pg. 19. 
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... understanding."4.88
Ibid Pg. 19-20. 
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... heidendom."4.89
A.A. van Ruler Religie en Politiek Pg. 125; B. Engelbrecht op. cit. Pg. 227-228. 
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... revelation.4.90
True exegesis is only possible by and in the Holy Spirit and therefore exegesis as a discipline of theological scholarship is only possible in the sphere of a christianized culture. A.A. van Ruler CCOT Pg. 62. 
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... words."4.91
A.A. van Ruler CCOT Pg.22. 
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... dissolved.4.92
A.A. van Ruler CCOT Pg. 57-58. Criticisms of the allegorical method are also to be found in many other works eg. G.C. Berkouwer Holy Scripture Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, Michigan 1982 Pg. 105-138; W. Neil The Rediscovery of the Bible Hodder and Stoughton, London Pg. 101-111; Calvin Institutes 2.5.19, 4.17.15, 1.13.22, 3.4.4-5, 4.16.15-16, 4.16.31; O. Cullmann Christ and Time Philadelphia 1950 Pg. 131-138. 
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... words.4.93
A.A. van Ruler CCOT Pg. 62; "The true meaning of Scripture expressions which exposition has to fix, can never be anything but a single, and generally speaking the proper, literal meaning, the sensus literalis, which is either the sensus literalis simplex or the sensus literalis compositus. As a rule the former must be adhered to. On the other hand the latter must be recognized, where in Scripture something is expounded as a type; and only where the literal sense would be at variance with the `articles of faith' or the `precepts of love', where, that is, Scripture itself demands another exposition of its words, is the `figurative meaning' of it to be transmitted. Otherwise, in the application of Scripture passages to the very manifold circumstances of life, allegorical interpretation has its rights in the accommodatio ad usum." H. Heppe Reformed Dogmatics Pg. 38-39 (also Pg. 37). 
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... Spirit."4.94
H. Heppe Reformed Dogmatics Pg. 39-40. 
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... sense."4.95
A.A. van Ruler CCOT Pg. 61-62. 
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... religion."4.96
J.H. Heidegger quoted in H. Heppe op. cit. Pg. 403. 
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... such.4.97
"Since Holy Scripture has no mere types, it is not enough for a type, that something should be found in Scripture; but that it should be pronounced a type in Scripture." J. H. Heidegger quoted in H. Heppe op. cit. Pg. 403; A.A. van Ruler CCOT Pg. 65, 70; cf. note 93 above. 
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... thora."4.98
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg. 497; cf. Religie en Politiek Pg. 149 CCOT Pg. 62-73. cf. B. Engelbrecht op. cit. Pg. 230. 
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... promise."4.99
A.A. van Ruler CCOT Pg. 24. 
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... fact."4.100
Ibid Pg. 86. 
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... Testament4.101
In the Old Testament there is already concentration from the nations to the nation and from the nation to the remnant and the Old Testament dimly perceives the meaning of this concentration in, for instance, the `Suffering Servant' verses. In Christ, however, there is a tremendous concentration and therefore there is a one-sided concentration on guilt and its expiation in the New Testament. But even in the New Testament this is not the concern and the concentration becomes expansion - from the Messiah to the Spirit, from the Spirit to the conscience, from the conscience to the state, from the state to the cosmos. 
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... theocracy."4.102
A.A. van Ruler CCOT Pg.29. 
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... state."4.103
Ibid Pg. 88. 
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... things."4.104
Ibid. 
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... spiritualized.4.105
We have already seen, earlier in this chapter, that the New Testament also interprets and supplements the Old. Therefore there is a dialectical, organic relationship between the two. 
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... Canaan'.4.106
The reasons why Christ can only be proclaimed in the expressions, concepts and insights of the Old Testament (the `language of Canaan') have already been discussed earlier in this chapter. Van Ruler's discussion of the concepts of legitimation, foundation, interpretation, illustration, historicization and eschatologization is to be found in CCOT Pg. 75-91; cf. B. Engelbrecht op. cit. Pg. 232-233. 
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... theocracy."4.107
A.A. van Ruler CCOT Pg. 29-34; cf. B. Engelbrecht op. cit. Pg. 231-232. 
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... life.4.108
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. I Pg. 142-143. 
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... form.4.109
This does not mean that the essence of the law has changed - only the form. This is possible because of the living historical character of the law. The Sermon on the Mount, for instance, is a radicalization of the law, the like of which is not to be found in the Old Testament in that form. That the law undergoes such changes is characteristic of its essence (not of its fulfilment). A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg. 519. 
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... power.4.110
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg. 519. 
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... cultic."4.111
A.A. van Ruler CCOT Pg. 89; cf. Religie en Politiek Pg. 282. 
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... gebleven."4.112
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg. 527; cf. Religie en Politiek Pg. 282. 
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... 2:10).4.113
B. Engelbrecht The Law of Moses is the Law of God Pg. 8. 
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... Christus."4.114
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg. 527. 
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... Testament.4.115
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg. 527-528; Religie en Politiek Pg. 138. 
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... government.4.116
The state must be told by the church that its power is given to it by God. This frees the state from its demonic illusion that it is a god and reminds the state of its responsibility to God. The ceremonial, moral and civil aspects of the law are different aspects of the one law of God - which is the presence of God. 
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... earth."4.117
A.A. van Ruler CCOT Pg. 91. 
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... relatief."4.118
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg. 533. 
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... verzoening."4.119
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. I Pg. 143-144. 
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... werkelijkheid."4.120
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg. 535. 
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...Intermezzo5.1
P. van Hoof Intermezzo - Kontinuiteit en Diskontinuiteit in de Theologie van A.A. van Ruler - Eschatologie en Kultuur Ton Bolland Amsterdam 1974. 
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... Ruler.''5.2
Ibid Pg. 285, 70. 
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... eschaton.5.3
Ibid Pg. 70, 80, 285. 
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... Trinity.5.4
This is not the place to give a full description of the orthodox doctrine of the Trinity - this can be found in the Creeds of the Church (especially the Athanasian Creed) as well as H. Heppe Reformed Dogmatics Pg. 105-132; H. Bavinck The Doctrine of God Banner of Truth, Britain, 1991 Pg. 255-336; L. Berkhof Reformed Dogmatics Pg. 82-99. 
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... Spirit.''5.5
H. Bavinck The Doctrine of God Banner of Truth Trust, Britain 1991 Pg. 320. 
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... theologie.''5.6
A.A. van Ruler Verwachting en Voltooiing Pg. 11. 
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... uit-elkaar-houden.''5.7
Ibid Pg. 9-10. 
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... view.5.8
See also chapter 4 note 60. 
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... pure.5.9
On the basis of the trinitarian dogma we gain the correct understanding of Christ's person and work. Thus H. Bavinck also states: ``sufficient knowledge concerning the `outgoing works' is gained only when their trinitarian existence is recognized'' op. cit. Pg. 332 - see chapter one Pg. 12-16. 
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... other.5.10
A.A. van Ruler op. cit. Pg. 11. 
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... existence.''5.11
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. I Pg. 171. 
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... glory.''5.12
H. Bavinck op. cit. Pg. 330-331. 
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... God.5.13
Ibid Pg. 319, 331-332. 
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... essence.5.14
This has been discussed in chapter 3. 
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... Christ.''5.15
J. Moltmann The Crucified God Pg. 249. 
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... God.5.16
J. Macquarrie Twentieth Century Religious Thought SCM Press, London, 1989 Pg. 395-396. 
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... possible.5.17
H. Bavinck op. cit. Pg. 332. 
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... latter.5.18
cf. O. Weber Foundations of Dogmatics I Eerdmans Michigan 1988, Pg. 368-370, 388. 
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... covenant.''5.19
H. Bavinck op. cit. Pg. 333; A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg. 23. 
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... Johannes.''5.20
A.A. van Ruler Ik Geloof Pg. 58 
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... God.''5.21
K. Barth Church Dogmatics I,1 Pg. 404 quoted in O. Weber op. cit. Pg. 369. 
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... account5.22
See for instance, his article entitled De Noodzakelijkheid van Een Trinitarische Theologie in Verwachting en Voltooiing Pg. 9-28. 
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... begin.''5.23
J. Alex van Wyk Die Apostolaat van die Kerk No. 1 of: Teologiese studies oor die sending van die kerk in die wereld. Morija, 1958 Pg. 25; This criticism as well as those of H. Thielicke, J.J. Stamm and Th. Vriezen (and others) are also discussed by B. Engelbrecht in Agtergrond en Grondlyne van die Teokratiese Visioen Pg. 239-275. 
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... beweeg.''5.24
J. van Wyk op. cit. Pg. 25-26. 
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... werkelijkheid.''5.25
A.A. van Ruler Religie en Politiek Pg. 112. 
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... eschaton.5.26
See chapter 2. 
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... geeft.''5.27
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg. 54-57. 
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... creation.5.28
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. VI Pg. 49; cf. L. Berkhof Systematic Theology Pg. 103. 
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... predestination.5.29
`Predestination' is used as a synonym of `eternal decree'. 
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... God5.30
God's acts find their basis in his counsel but are not identical to it. 
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... Vader.''5.31
H. Bavinck Handleiding bij het Onderwijs in den Christelijken Godsdienst J.K. Kok, Kampen 1932 Pg. 80. 
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... God.5.32
See chapter 2 esp. Pg. 60-72. 
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... tradition.''5.33
H. Thielicke Theological Ethics II Politics Fortress Press, Philadelphia, 1969 Pg. 614 
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... human.5.34
Ibid. Pg. 604-614. 
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... salvation?''5.35
J.J. Stamm Jesus Christ and the Old Testament in C. Westermann Elements of Old Testament Hermeneutics, London, 1962 Pg. 204. 
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... Testament.5.36
Ibid. Pg. 200-210. 
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... Soteriology5.37
Also found in Westermann op. cit. Pg. 211-223. 
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... thing5.38
It is interesting to note that while Thielicke absolutely rejects Van Ruler's theology Stamm and Vriezen express a positive appreciation of it. However, all three express basically the same criticism which refers to the entire structure and foundation of Van Ruler's theology. 
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... God.5.39
Th. Vriezen op. cit. Pg. 218. 
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... glorification.5.40
Dr. J.A. Heyns states: ``Van Ruler se voorstelling, as sou die vervulling van de wet nog nie met die werk van Christus voltooi wees nie maar voortgaan deur die Heilige Gees tot aan die voleinding ... bevredig nie. Christus het aan die eis van die wet voldoen, en daarmee die wet volkome, sonder enige voorlopigheid, vervul.'' Die Nuwe Mens Onderweg, Tafelberg, Cape Town 1970 Pg. 53n. 
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... evangelie.''5.41
A.A. Van Ruler V.W. Pg. 472-473. 
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... issue.''5.42
A.A. Van Ruler CCOT Pg. 51, 49. 
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... Testament.''5.43
Th. Vriezen op. cit. Pg. 217-218. 
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... zijn.''5.44
A.A. Van Ruler V.W. Pg. 475. 
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... Spirit.5.45
J.J. Stamm op. cit. Pg. 209. 
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... meant.''5.46
Ibid Pg. 208. 
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... christianity.5.47
B. Engelbrecht op. cit. Pg. 260. 
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... being5.48
A.A. van Ruler CCOT Pg. 72. 
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... paralysis.''5.49
A. Harnack Marcion Pg. 217, quoted in A.A. van Ruler CCOT Pg. 10. 
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... Europa.''5.50
A.A. van Ruler Religie en Politiek Pg. 147, 137. 
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... geeft.''5.51
A.A. van Ruler Th.W. VI Pg. 77-78. 
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... Christ.5.52
A.A. van Ruler Gestaltwerdung Christi in der Welt Pg. 13. 
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... 3:2).5.53
A.A. van Ruler V.W. Pg. 96-100; B. Engelbrecht op. cit. Pg. 250. 
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